Critical Reading and Response on the Article “Letting Go” Essay

In the article â€Å"Letting Go† that was being published in The New Yorker, Atul Gawande addresses the issues regarding to the current medical care system that fails to meet the needs of the patients with terminal illness. Gawande points out that the patients want to spend more quality time with their family members and having some special last moments rather than struggling to stay alive when they know that the chances are thin. Knowing the time to let go was one of the crucial part of the art of dying which people nowadays has forgotten. Gawande argues that choosing the hospice care would sometimes be a better choice for the terminally ill patients. He uses statistics such that the patients that choose hospice lives longer or than other patients and they tend to suffer lesser to support his argument. Hospice care tends to go with less pain treatment and focuses on the needs of the patients. It increases the quality of life of the patients during the last moments of their live. The patients’ family members are less likely to suffer from depression when they have chosen to go with the hospice care mainly because they have prepared themselves to face the death of the patient when time has come. Gawande’s argument is that the medical care system nowadays fails to meet the needs of the patients. His argument is convincing because he appeals to the emotions of his reader through both his own and others experience and statistics. Gawande reels in his readers’ attention and interest through some of the real life experience before he educates them. That makes it easier for the readers to absorb what Gawande is trying to deliver to his audience. In order to make it even more convincing, Gawande uses two extreme cases as a comparison to prove his point that hospice care would be the better choice for terminally ill patients. He uses the story of the â€Å"lucky† guy-Dave Galloway who died â€Å"at home, at peace, and surrounded by family† contrast with the poor old lady-Lee Cox who was died due to cardiac arrest and followed by a series of actions to bring her back to live. â€Å"They pulled off her clothes and pumped her chest, put a tube in her airway and forced oxygen into her lungs, and tried to see if they could shock her heart back† (Gawande 133). Such contrast comparison and strong words that would impact the readers’ thoughts on how the process of death can vary through different circumstances. After that, he again embraces the benefits of choosing hospice care rather than going to hospital for intensive medical treatments. Other than that, Gawande uses research statistics to support his argument. â€Å"A study led by the Harvard researcher Nicholas Christakis found out that sixty-three percent of doctors overestimated survival time and the average estimate was 530 percent too high† (Gawande 136). The statistics shows that how the medical system is failing to help the patients to get a grasp on how much time they still have in order to achieve the things that they want in live before their last breath. Since the research was carried out within the well-known institution-Harvard University, readers tend to believe the statistics more and agree upon Gawande’s view. By doing this, Gawande was trying to point out the flaw in our medical system so that his reader would be agreeing upon his argument. Gawande also uses different statistics to support his argument. â€Å"Executives at Aetna, the insurance company, started a two-year study on letting a group of policyholders with a life expectancy of less than a year to receive hospice services without forgoing other treatments. The result is that the people that have chosen hospice service leaped from 26 percent to 70 percent† (Gawande 142). The result shows that people were visiting the hospital lesser after they were introduced to hospice care. Gawande was trying to use the statistics to tell the readers that there were a lot of people that was in the same situation as they are, and they have chosen hospice care over hospital treatment after trying it. That implies that the hospice care would benefit the patients more than the hospital would. The overall structure of the Gawande’s article was well organized. He was able to convince his readers by giving a main idea of what he is trying to deliver through stories and then continue by some straight-forward points that he made. He then supports his arguments with examples to further enhance his point. The wording that he uses is simple yet it gives the readers some images that connect with their emotion. For example, â€Å"Sara would always arrive smiling, makeup on and bangs bobby-pinned out of her eyes. She’d find small things to laugh about, like the tubes that created strange protuberance under her dress† (Gawande 137). Gawande was trying to show that how sad it could be when a person is going through those surgery and treatment in order to get â€Å"fixed†. He would then use that emotion to bring up the point that is other solution to this problem which is the hospice care. I do think that the current medical care system doesn’t meet the needs of the patients as there are some miscommunications between doctors and their patients. Doctors were always looking at the bright side of the illness of their patients which is good in some sense but at the same time, they have to prepare the patients for their worst case scenario. It is hard for the patients to accept the truth that their illness were beyond â€Å"repair† and doctors educate them to accept the truth so that they could go through a less torturing path for their spare life. So, what I am trying to say is that we shouldn’t lose hope but at the same time we have to prepare our self for the worst outcome. If prolonging the patients’ life means that they have to suffer from surgeries and treatment that they need until the end of their life, why not just do things that are more meaningful? Despite all the flaws that we had in our current medical care system, hospice care seems to be the solution for the problem because it offers comfort and satisfaction in the ending life of the patients.

Discrimination in Healthcare Essay

The new test is whether or not certain treatment was unfavourable to the person claiming discrimination, focusing on the consequences of the treatment on the person claiming direct discrimination because of a protected attribute. Examples of direct discrimination An employer advises an employee that they will not be trained to work on new machinery because they are too old to learn new skills. The employer has discriminated against the employee by denying them training in their employment on the basis of their age. A real estate agent refuses an African man’s application for a lease. The real estate agent tells the man that the landlord would prefer an Australian tenant. The real estate agent has discriminated against the man by denying him accommodation on the basis of his race. Indirect The definition of indirect discrimination has been simplified by removing existing technicalities and providing further clarity around the factors to consider in determining whether a requirement, condition or practice is reasonable in the circumstances. Indirect discrimination will occur where a person imposes, or proposes to impose, a requirement, condition or practice that has, or is likely to have, the effect of disadvantaging people with a protected attribute, and that is not reasonable. The new test for indirect discrimination:– needs a person to show that the requirement, condition or practice causes, or is likely to cause disadvantage, rather than demonstrating that they cannot comply with a requirement, condition or practice – removes the requirement that the person claiming indirect discrimination must establish that a substantially higher proportion of people without the attribute that they have can comply with the requirement, condition or practice– places the onus of proof regarding the easonableness of the requirement, condition or practice on the person who imposed or proposes to impose it –extends the factors to be considered in determining whether a requirement, condition or practice is reasonable.

Lance Armstrong

For a period of 1 2 years, Lance Armstrong lied about doping to the entire world. In the process he selfishly ruined multiple live. A man who would ruin lives and Ile Just to ride a bike Is truly selfish. Because the drugs that Lance Armstrong used and lied about can enhance his performance, and are banned, he should get his medals taken away. Lance Armstrong has been racing since he was 19 years old and has gone to win 7 tour de France titles. He founded the Livestrong charity which helps out cancer patients. Lance Armstrong was accused of doping during all of his races.He sued those who accused him of doping and ruined their reputations and even lives In the process. He later on confessed to his doping after appearing on the Oprah Winfrey show. He also admitted that he has been lying about it for 12 years. Because Armstrong cheated, he does not deserve his medals. In the article by Ashling O'Conner â€Å"I'm the fall guy: Armstrong puts a historical spin on his cheating† Arm strong tries to Justify his actions. It is un-sportsmen like to try to justify cheating and lying the way he did. He obviously has no respect for the sport and others.In nother article titled â€Å"Lance Armstrong tried to donate around $250,000 to USADA† Brent Schrotenboer mentions Armstrong's attempt at a bribe. Someone who tries to bribe like that has something to hide. Armstrong knows what he did was wrong and is willing to do anything to cover it up. Even if it means ruining lives in the process. Armstrong ruined so many people's lives during all of this. In the article â€Å"admission' Just another Lance ploy† Greg couch explains how Armstrong ruined people's lives. Armstrong demonstrated how selfish he is by suing all those Innocent people for all that they have.He Is selfish and should have his medals taken away from him as a token for the lives he has ruined. In another article by Liz Clarke â€Å"Armstrong confesses to doping† it gives examples of Arms trong threatening people if they told about his doping. This is just more evidence the Armstrong is generally not a good person. It does not matter If he had to dope In order to win. If he needs performance enhancers to win a race, then he shouldn't be racing at all. Just because everybody Is doping doesn't make It okay. It should make him feel better knowing that he can beat a bunch of people that need drugs to do better.And the drugs that Armstrong used can badly harm your body after a while. Lance Armstrong admitted to doping and using performance enhancing drugs. Because he did not win any of his races in his career by his own abilities, he should have his medals and titles taken away from him. So what everybody Is doping. So what he wouldnt win If he dldnt. Because he thinks that he needs to dope In order to win a race, and he does, his medals should be taken away from him and given to the next person who did not test positive for banned drugs. Lance Armstrong By Agentbilly3 Fo r a period of 12 years, Lance Armstrong lied about doping to the entire world.In the process he selfishly ruined multiple live. A man who would ruin lives and lie Just to ride a bike is truly selfish. Because the drugs that Lance Armstrong used and lied those who accused him of doping and ruined their reputations and even lives in the Armstrong tries to Justify his actions. It is un-sportsmen like to try to Justify cheating Brent Schrotenboer mentions Armstrongs attempt at a bribe. Someone who tries to â€Å"admission' Just another Lance ploy' Greg couch explains how Armstrong ruined people's lives. Armstrong demonstrated how selfish he is by suing all those innocent eople for all that they have.He is selfish and should have his medals taken away they told about his doping. This is Just more evidence the Armstrong is generally not It does not matter if he had to dope in order to win. If he needs performance enhancers to win a race, then he shouldn't be racing at all. Just because e verybody is doping doesn't make it okay. It should make him feel better knowing that he can beat have his medals and titles taken away from him. So what everybody is doping. So what he wouldn't win if he didn't.

MGT QUESTION 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGT QUESTION 8 - Essay Example It is not professional to let him know that I have a glimpse of the problem. As part of an advice to this employee, approaching this problem by using myself as an example will help. I would let them know that I also go through personal problems and irritations as a supervisor and I try not to let them affect my work. In conclusion, I will advice the employee to take extra effort and be less abrasive on others. Dan is a good employee who has worked in this company for about 10 years. However, he is afraid of change that is just about to happen and thinks it is not necessary. As his supervisor, I am aware that if this is unchecked it will spoil the effectiveness and environment of the entire department. The solution lies in calling Dan for one on one discussion where I will express my concern in a non-threatening manner and allow him to expresses his fears. I will encourage him to be as open and honest as possible. After listening to his fears, I will explain to Dan the reasons for change in the day-to-day operations process, which include the size of the company, increased productivity, and efficiency. I expect he will choose to comply because once productivity is improved, he can bargain again for a better

Team Project Evaluation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Team Project Evaluation Paper - Essay Example The group would thereafter indicate how these attributes compare to those of a larger group. In this regard, the group work will show how the larger group’s development is more complex, how they have less freedom to operate, how they use complex communication, how they receive lower satisfaction, how they make slower decisions, how they develop sub-teams, how they have a higher turnover, how they have higher absenteeism, and how they expand the group knowledge. The case scenario that will be used to achieve the above-mentioned objectives is about aliens landing on the planet Earth, first in a small group and then in large group. The study will explore how these different groups act differently and the differences in their behavior based solely on the number of members in each group. In the representation of aliens, the study will use action figures, dolls, and stuffed animals, among others. By doing this we can alter the numbers much easier than if we used real people. Also I believe these â€Å"actors† will be able to have a stronger personality and be able to switch more easily between a small group and a large group since it is only their voices, which will be used, and hence I feel everyone will not be holding back with shyness as much. The genre of the video will be strictly comedy. Therefore, the objective of the video is to make people laugh since we do not want our audience falling asleep and this is another reason why we used things like toys to represent human beings. We are going for a PG 13 to R rated Toy Story vibe based on how intense we can get. There will be a lot physical and verbal comedy based on random actions. For example, in the small group the aliens might be smoking marijuana because they have more freedom to operate, but in a large group you will see that there is less freedom to operate so if an alien starts smoking they will probably be fired. Performance Norms Effort In normal sense it is required that every group membe r should put in a 100 % effort, but as we know this is usually not the case in most group projects. However, the group leader is guaranteeing to put too much effort, to an extent that it will not matter if a few members of the group start to slack. The ideal situation is to have constant communication since this is the most important thing in a successful working relationship. We expect for everyone to text each other back as soon as possible after they receive a text from any group member and if any group member takes longer than a twelve-hour period or the member does not text back at all, he or she will be called upon to explain the lack of communication. We will ensure we stay on the set time schedule by working on a one single concept and this would eliminate the need to reshoot the scenes a bunch of times. We will get the filming portion done all in one day so there will be no chopping of certain scenes during the editing process and the plot of the comedy will remain consiste nt. It is expected that everybody will put their best effort in on that day and no one will be absent during this crucial day. We will not accept any excuses from our members for poor attendance. In addition, enthusiasm and initiative will be expected during the filming stage since failure will not be an option but nevertheless overall A effort is expected from everyone and anything less is frowned upon. Output It is expected th

Do Personality Changes Occur in Adults Following Traumatic Brain Essay - 1

Do Personality Changes Occur in Adults Following Traumatic Brain Injury - Essay Example The studies are reviewed according to their objectives, particular analytical design, nature of participants, the measured outcomes, the variables, if predictable or not, taken into account and, finally, the results. In essence, the scope of the review is to determine how TBI injuries affect survivors and, thus, by considering how exactly they are affected, how they can be better enabled to rehabilitate back to their personal and workplace settings. The assessment criteria for interviewing an adult TBI survivor may be broken down into three elements. These are 1) the population on which the personality model is based; 2) the source of information for generating the model; and 3) the procedure used for generating the model (Obonwasin et al, 2007). Other research groups may have used more complex criteria standards but, for the purpose at hand, the paper finds that this is sufficient. using scales with underlying personality models that have been specifically developed for populations groups other than those with TBI. Such scales, such as the NPRS[2] and the NBAP[3}, may not be effective in the sense that when they are deployed on TBI populations they are standardised for this purpose though they had been initially developed for other population groups (Obonwasin et al, 2007). Scales like the NEO-PI,[4] have been developed for the general population and when it is standardised for use on TBI populations the net effect is probably that of imposing a framework developed on personality relevant to the general population on personality changes usually deemed to be associated with TBI (Obonwasin et al, 2007). In contrast to these non-TBI specific scales NRS[5], the CPP[6] and the HIBS[7] were all developed based on information gathered from TBI survivors (Obonwasin et al, 2007). It is noted that though the CPP scale is very useful it has not led to

Capital Expenditure and Depreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Capital Expenditure and Depreciation - Essay Example Acquiring fixed assets like building, land, plant and machinery, motor vehicle and furniture fittings are regarded as the capital expenditure. The assets are not to be sold for making profit but that assets should be retained in the business. Capex generally yields gains over a long period of time (Banerjee, 2010). Capex on a financial statement is important as the investors are interested in the amount of capital improvement that he experiences. The declining capex will make the investor cautious as well as abnormal increased values signals that the investor should also be cautious (Jennings, 2006). The different types of capex are the following: Expenditure resulting from the acquisition of permanent assets: Any asset that can be converted into cash later. The money spent to acquire the asset is called capex (Warren, 2009). Expenditure resulting from purchase, erection or receipt of a fixed asset: The expenses in addition to the purchase price that are incurred for manufacturing th e asset for use are added to the cost of the asset and thus is regarded as capex. The examples are the wages that are paid to the workers for manufacturing machines, the cost of the place where the machine will be manufactured and the interest on the loan raised to purchase a fixed asset. Expenditure resulting from improvement of the fixed asset: If the profit earning capacity increases because of the expenditure, through lowering of cost or increase the output level, it is capital expenditure. Expenditure incurred to get the right to carry on business: The expenses that are needed for establishing a business or acquiring license is capital expenditure. The cost of patent is also capital expenditure. Expenditure resulting from acquisition of tangible asset: The expenditure incurred on a non profitable asset is treated as capital expenditure. Factors that add to the cost of capital expenditure (with examples) Cost of capital expenditure i.e., the interest payments and the cash-flow, that affect cash that are available in the capital goods. Example: If one borrows ? 10000 to buy a new coffee maker and it brings with it an additional ?1000 / month of profit but the monthly interest that are to be paid for the loan is ?1120, then it is said to be the bad expenditure with a negative impact on the business. Now if the same person borrows the same amount but bring ?1500 profit/month it is a good investment. Thus, there are different factors that add up to the cost of capital expenditure and can make an investment unprofitable and even profitable. How does capital expenditure lose value over time? A product when capitalized the value of the item is placed in an asset that increases the total value of the company. The reason behind these is that the items are considered to lose their value slowly or increase over time. The asset is listed on the company’s property tax inventory and the asset is provided a number for tracking purposes (Elmaleh, 2005). The company gets bill for taxes on the value of the assets and the listing of an asset that is depreciating decreases in value each year until it is considered to have no value (Hoofman, 2009). After capitalizing, the item is allowed to depreciate over a period of time, such as 3 – 5 years of time. After depreciation the entire cost of the item is not revealed in the expenses at one time,

Analyze the Stage 3-4 transition from the perspective of Kohlberg's Essay

Analyze the Stage 3-4 transition from the perspective of Kohlberg's and Gilligan's alternative perspectives - Essay Example When one is in this stage of moral development one learns to make deals, such as when one breaks the rules, one makes a deal with the rule keeper. This stage is a more important step in moral development than the previous stage. During this stage one learns about lying, and the affects of lying, and rule breaking. One learns that just because something seems wrong, does not necessarily make it wrong. During the third stage of moral development one will learn how to be considerate, and how to assist someone when someone is in need. During this stage of moral development one should not necessarily assist someone for gratification. More that someone should receive gratification in the mere act of assisting someone else who was in need. During this stage of moral development one learns how to be considerate of someone else’s feelings, and how to respect each other, and how to live, and work with one another. This stage of moral development is important, because if one does not lea rn to respect each other, and how to work, and live near one another, one cannot possibly have accomplished the first two stages of moral development. ... When one develops social cohesion, one develops more of a sense of being. This person is much better off than someone who has only developed the first three stages of moral development. Kohlberg thinks that if one does not develop social cohesion then one is only mindful, respectful, and considerate of only those in one’s clique. During the fifth stage of moral development on develops a sense of one’s social obligations, and individual rights. During this stage of moral development one learns what one need to do, what one’s place in society is. Everyone has a place in society, and everyone has obligations to make of society. Society expects certain things of certain people, and if one does not oblige by what society expects of them, one is considered to be abnormal. Abnormal citizens are considered to be amoral-citizen. Someone who acts only the way one expects one should act, and does not do as society expects one is considered amoral, to do only what one wants to do, not what is best to do. This may be the best for the person making this decision, however, it is not necessarily right for society. Gilligan challenged Kohlberg’s philosophies that stage four of moral development was not the most imperative stage of moral development. Gilligan used an all female sample, and conducted qualitative research on what women’s views were on abortion. Gilligan analyzed the qualitative research on abortion, and applied it to the four stages of moral development, developed by Kohlberg. In applying the five stages of Kohlberg’s moral development, Gilligan decided that stage four was not better than stage three in Kohlberg’s moral development stages. Gilligan’s research could not develop a clearer understanding of

Grandparents raising their own Grandchildren Essay

Grandparents raising their own Grandchildren - Essay Example (Bold, M, Gladys J. Hildreth & Ronald A Fanning 1999) The socialization theory, like some other theories of social control, also holds that pro-social family processes like the house rules and the inherent attachment resulting from a family setting, do affect growing children's behaviour and character. The Group Socialization Theory states that children's peer groups affect the behavior and learning patterns of the children more than the influence exerted by their families or genetics. Social control in growing children can be said to operate through direct control, indirect control, satisfaction of needs, and internalized control. Direct control has to do with parental supervision and monitoring, while indirect control is the interaction of growing children's beliefs and attachment. For example, children will try not to jeopardize their family relationship by not disappointing their parents or grandparents. Growing children also seek for satisfaction of their needs, and if a child is not emotionally satisfied within the family, the child seeks intimacy and support from his peers. One important implication of this and other models is the timing of family management practices and how these affect later peer choices. Poor attachment, monitoring, and supervision in the preadolescent phase will surface later in an adolescent's choice of peers (Oxford, Harachi et al. 2001). According to Judith Harris, "the psychological characteristics a child is born with become permanently modified by the environment" (Harris 1995, p. 482) Some people are of the opinion that there are two main developments in the field of psychology as a whole that need to be better assimilated in socialization work. The first is the attack on the trait (or nature) theory, and it is argued that socialization research can survive this attack only if it becomes more concerned with structural developmental change in its dependent variables. Second, the impact of the "cognitive revolution" is assessed, and the paper argues that more attention must be given to the ways in which children process inputs from socialization agents, and developmental changes in processing capacities. Finally, it is urged that research attention must be focused on the conditions which sustain the effective performance of socialization agents. (http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED112283&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED112283) For many decades now, there has been an ongoing conjunctive effort to clearly distinguish between the roles of nature and nurture in human development, and this has eventually led to some of the most provocative discoveries and psychological advances in the twentieth century. In his book, Stephen Pinker noted that "for many decades psychologists have looked for the causes of individual differences in cognitive ability and in personality. The conventional wisdom has been that such traits are strongly influenced by parenting practices and role models." (Pinker, S.

Argument from moral equivalence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Argument from moral equivalence - Essay Example Once there cannot be condemnation, then it cannot be said that a given cultural sect, morals or values are better or worse. As far as cultural relativism is concerned, it is important for people not to compare their cultural differences with what prevails in other cultures but learn to be tolerant towards all other cultures. In reference to the video, which clearly shows distaste for the Iranian culture of Sharia Law, it could be said that this claim is valid. The video is indeed relevant to the topic of cultural relativism because it outlines the extent to which social and human right groups come together to condemn some of the core values and codes in given cultures. As much as possible, these human right and social groups would want the fundamental human rights of people to be upheld while going about cultural diversity. To this extent, any cultures’ moral values and codes that defeat the ideas of fundamental human rights, such as making a woman suffer death for the offence of adultery is seen as worse. In conclusion therefore, it can be said that the world has come to such a time when cultural relativism is seen as

COM100 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

COM100 - Movie Review Example 1. Primary Identity - is the identity that we cultivate from our childhood based upon social norms and expectations. For Joey, this meant that his primary identity was that of a strong man who can handle any problems that his life may based upon his gender training and confidence in himself. 2. Secondary Identity- is the identity that one needs to cultivate based upon his situation in life. In the case of Joey, he had to get in touch with his feminine side and accept a job that was traditionally assigned to a woman due to his financial needs. Being a â€Å"manny† thus became his secondary identity in life. These reasons combined to force him to redefine himself a man and a member of society who is still more of his primary identity rather than his secondary identity. 3. Characteristics of Identity - Joey is the perfect example of a man who is highly confident of both his primary and secondary identities because he displays both a fixed and dynamic level of identity depending upon which particular identity he is portraying at the time. His secondary identity of cultivated by his interaction within the family circle of his employer and his willingness to perform the secondary identity tasks such as cooking, cleaning, ironing, grocery shopping, handyman jobs, etc. It is because of Joeys unique character on the show that â€Å"Melissa and Joey† makes for an interesting episode based show study of the ways and methods by which individual identities are created and

Plato - Soul Essay Example for Free

Plato Soul Essay 1. ) True; Simmias uses the theory of recollection in his argument against Socrates about the soul and it having immortality, or not. He uses an analogy of an instrument to represent the body, and the instrument’s attunement to represent the soul. He makes a stand that if the body of an instrument can be destroyed, which will then cause the attunement to also be destroyed, then isn’t that saying the same for the relationship of the body and its soul? (72e-80c). 2. ) True; in order for the attunement or harmony within an instrument can work perfectly and in tune, the instrument must be put together correctly and in perfect harmonious measure. 3. ) False; Socrates states that there is no greater evil one can suffer than to hate reasonable discourse, not hate mankind. However, those that do hate reasonable discourse, are objectionable and nonproductive, but by no mean the greatest evil. The greatest evil are those who hurt, torture, and destroy others for their own selfish reasons or for no reason at all, just because they can. Reasonable discourse is the refined and ideal way to resolve differences and problems. (89d-e) ( but first there is a certain experience we must be careful to avoid That we must not become misologues, as people become misanthropes. There is no greater evil one can suffer than to hate reasonable discourse. Misology and misanthropy arise in the same way. ) 4. ) False; how can something rule over another thing, if that thing is the making up of the thing that’s trying to rule it? For example, I cannot rule over my mother, when my mother is who made me; another example, a soul cannot rule over a body, if the body is what makes up the soul. 5. ) False; without such things as the good and the beautiful being non-existent, then how can the soul have existed, before we were born, without them? How would we know whether or not if they did, unless the theory of recollection of course, was in play? 6. ) True; without the senses being intact, how can one hear or see accurately to know anything? To learn anything? Without just those two senses being intact, the other senses will also be inaccurate, as well. (65b) 7. ) True; he argues that when discussing opposites, that one thing comes from the opposite of another and nowhere else. (70e-72b) 8. ) False; you can’t know what you know with just your knowledge, because how can you have knowledge, if you do not know anything? You need experience, along with trial and error, to be able to learn what you are and aren’t supposed to do. How is it that the first people came to know anything? They weren’t just born with their knowledge; they had to learn what they know that has formed into their present knowledge. (65a) 9. ) True; Socrates does accept the fact that maybe good and beautiful do not exist. That’s when, in question 5, he came to the conclusion that even without their existence, does that say that mean our soul does or doesn’t still exist before we are born? Do we need such things as good, evil, beautiful, and ugly to have our soul be pre-existent? 10. ) False; Socrates has Simmias agreement that philosophers distance themselves as much as possible from bodily pleasures such as: food, drink, sex, fancy clothes, etc. Philosophers are only concerned with the comfort of their souls, and want to free the soul as much as possible from relations with the body. Socrates claims that our senses are vague and may deceive us, so the best kind of wisdom comes from basis, when distanced as far as possible from the distractions of the body. (64c-67b).

Standard American Diet Versus a Nutritarian Diet

Standard American Diet Versus a Nutritarian Diet Essential Nutrients Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fat; they supply the calories to our body for energy and growth. Micronutrients include vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals; they do not contain calories but are essential for health and growth. They are found in whole foods, vegetables, beans, berries, and seeds. Standard American Diet In the standard American diet (SAD) about 85 percent of calories come from low-nutrient, high-calorie processed foods, animal products, dairy products and sweets. All these foods contribute to weight gain, atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Only 10 percent of the SAD is from natural plants such as vegetables, beans, seeds and nuts, which contain micronutrients that help protect blood vessels and prevent cancer. Thats why we have an epidemic of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. The Nutritarian Diet, Health Equation, and ANDI Scores A nutritarian diet is a diet plan rich in micronutrients based on the health equation: Health (H) = Nutrients (N) / Calories (C) This means the more nutrient dense your diet, the healthier you become. The Aggregate Nutrient Density Index (ANDI) ranks the nutrient value of many common foods based on the amount of nutrients per calorie. This system ranks foods on a scale from 1 to 1,000, with the most nutrient-dense cruciferous leafy green vegetables (kale, collard greens, mustard greens, and watercress) scoring at 1,000. The table in Dr. Fuhrmans ANDI Scores (https://www.drfuhrman.com/learn/library/articles/95/andi-food-scores-rating-the-nutrient-density-of-foods) is a list of ANDI Scores of many common foods. The Eat to Live Plan is a nutritarian diet plan with the following features: Large portions of green vegetables, raw or cooked Animal products limited to no more than three small servings per week No dairy, white flour, and white rice No processed foods, cold cereals, and sweets No sweeteners, except fruits and limited unsulfured dried fruits Carbohydrates with high ANDI scores, such as beans, peas, squashes, lentils, and intact whole grains Protective foods such as walnuts, mushrooms, onion, berries, and seeds. Food Pyramid Beef, sweets, cheese, milk, processed food, hydrogenated oil Rarely Poultry, eggs, oils Once a week or less Fish/Fat-free dairy Twice a week or less Raw nuts/Seeds 10-20% of calories Fruits 15-25% of calories Beans/Legumes 20-30% of calories Vegetables half raw and half cooked 30-70% of calories Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) Refined grain products-such as bagels, white bread, pasta, white rice, most breakfast cereals, and other processed grains- have low nutrient value. These foods are rapidly digested and converted to sugar, raising the glucose level in the bloodstream in the same way as if you had consumed a cube of sugar. Studies have shown that long-term intake of refined grain products causes weight gain and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. The glycemic index (GI) ranks food on a scale from 0 to 100 according to their impact on blood sugar levels after eating. Foods with a high GI are digested and absorbed rapidly, producing steep rises in blood sugar and insulin levels. Low-GI foods are digested and absorbed slowly, producing gradual rises in blood sugar and insulin levels. The glycemic load (GL) measures the actual calories of glucose produced by a serving of the food. Carrot is a good example of the lack of precision inherent in using only the GI measure. Carrots GI is 35, which is fairly high. But when carrots are eaten raw, their glycemic effect is lessened as the body does not absorb all the calories in raw foods. Carrots GL is only 3. It is not a negative food, even for the diabetics. The Glycemic Index (GI) Food Chart (http://documents.hants.gov.uk/hms/HealthyEatingontheRun-LowGlycemicIndexFoodList.pdf) shows the GI for many common foods. Studies have shown that a diet with a higher GL is associated with a greater risk of colorectal, endometrial, and breast cancers. Refined grain products, soft drinks, and fruit juices can cause weight gain and lead to diabetes. Studies also show the this link becomes stronger as the individuals weight and insulin resistance increases.

The Religious Democracy And Its Theocracy Politics Essay

The Religious Democracy And Its Theocracy Politics Essay The outbreaks of the late 20th century were especially notable in light of the Western assumption that less developed countries would naturally secularize their politics and culture as they modernized their society and economy. Instead, rapidly developing Iran succumbed in 11 February 1979 to a religious revolution led by Imam Khomeini. Soon after, an interim government in Tehran gave way to a political form of government in early 1980 that made so many changes in its policies, the most important one was to practice the idea of Islamic Republic in which the government was to wed with religion of Shiite Islam indissolubly. However, there exist different and even contending conceptions as to what form actually it is. Some argue that the form of Islamic Republic is just a theocracy  [1]  and some others has recognized the constitutional theocratic character of the regime.  [2]  Some argue that theocracy as the kingdom of God on earth has not fully realized yet and thus prior to this full realization, theocracy can coexist with any transitory system of human government. This coexisted or combined form of government is an ecclesiocracy that seek to give the human religious hierarchy absolute control over the political power of a state.  [3]  Whereas to another one, theocracy can occur in any society where a powerful religious group or combination of religious groups has/have the decisive voice in a ruling political or judicial system.  [4]   On the contrary, some believe that the Islamic Republic is just one kind among so many democracies  [5]  or one of the most democratic states.  [6]  Even the US officials who used to oppose the new Islamic Regime in the past 23 years, now insist that there are some democratic characteristics found in there.  [7]  There are also others who observe it as a totalitarian tyranny, an absolutist autocracy, oligarchy or even all clerical oligarchy and call Islamic Republic a clerical regime.  [8]   What I am going to argue here is that on the path of human development towards perfection and human felicity throughout human society, the Islamic Republic in Iran has brought a kind of mixed or combined form of government that includes the best characteristics of various forms prescribed by the Islamic principles and norms and the current practices that may ensure the active and broad participation of all segments of society in the process of social development, as explicitly mentioned in its Constitutional Law. Forms of Governments Most of the key words commonly used to describe forms of governments, such as monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy, are of Greek or Roman origin. The central question of politics in all these was always the same: the distribution of power among the citizens so that freedom and happiness is best preserved and defined. Plato believed that the object of politics was virtue, and that only a few would ever thoroughly understand the science, which believed to contemplate all truth and all existence by which virtue could be attained and only these trained few, then, should rule. To his view the best was the form in which kings are philosophers or philosophers are kings which could be either monarchy or aristocracy but the fundamental laws of the State will be maintained. To this perfect ideal of just and good succeeds different forms of oligarchy, democracy, tyranny after which Plato added some other intermediate forms of government but all these are nondescripts and may be found equally amon g Hellenes and among barbarians.  [9]   But his pupil, Aristotle, gave another classification of the forms of government. To him the government which is the supreme authority in states could be in the hands of one, or of a few, or of the many and based on the purpose of a state, it may seek either the common interest or the private interest. Accordingly there would be three (not one) true forms of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ kingship or royalty, aristocracy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a constitution and three perversions that are tyranny à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ oligarchy, [or] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ democracy.  [10]  In analyzing various forms of governments of the time, Aristotle, however, came to this notion that the whole system of government tends to be neither democracy nor oligarchy, but something in a mean between them.  [11]   This combination form of government could be seen in the new monarchy of Macedon arose and mounted in the battle against Sparta and Athens (338 BC) and also in Rome that emerged as the strongest state in the Mediterranean after the victory of Hannibal at Zama (202 BC). The Greek historian Polybius, who chronicled Romes rise, suggested that its constitution was such a success because it was a judicious blend of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. The Romans, a conservative, practical people, showed what they thought of such abstractions by speaking only of an unanalyzed public thingres publicaand thus gave a new word to politics. From then onward various combined or blend forms governments were set up every where in the world. Justinian, the greatest of the eastern Roman emperors, in the 6th century, Charlemagne, king of the Franks, in 800, and later centuries the dynasties of Hohenstaufen and Habsburg so, as late as the 19th century, did Napoleon Bonaparte tried to restore the empire though none were succeeded. In the 7th century the Arab Muslims defeated the first of the two great powers of the time and conquered quite many parts of the second in North Africa and Spain. Beside to the strong monarchies that gradually developed almost everywhere in the world, various institutions and social classes were to fill the gap too. The church and the mosque, against enormous odds, had kept the light of religion and learning alive and spread what was left of Roman and Islamic civilization into modern city-states. Military aristocracy called nobiles in the Roman fashion and appropriated various late imperial titles suc h as comes (count), dux (duke) and khans have also effective powers. This dynamism in European society and elsewhere in the world prevented it from setting permanently into this or any other form and pattern even in the most characteristic governmental form of the modern world, the nation-state. The application of the principle of parliamentary representation together with the concepts of divine, natural, and customary law as a restraint on the exercise of power besides some other fundamental occurrences of the Enlightenment and the Renaissance, the Reformation, the discovery of America and the American and French revolutions caused a new form of government known as modern democracy which is quite different from that of old Greek. The modern democracy repudiated the divine right of kings, the ascendancy of the nobility and the privileges of the Roman Catholic Church. Equality before the law was to replace the system of privileges that characterized the old regimes and judicial procedures were insisted upon to prevent abuses by the king or his administration. By destroying the monarchy, a republic was set up and its centuries-old labours were crowned. Now in the name of rationality, liberty, and equality (fraternity is not a foremost concern anymore), the nation makes the que st its own. Free election of government bodies under (eventual) universal suffrage, competition for office through organized and permanent parties, freedom of speech and the press, and the rule of law together with greater influence for the working classes, women and foreigners are common in all three basic senses of a form of government either as direct, representative or constitutional (liberal) democracy. Theocracy, too, derived from two Greek words meaning rule by the deity, was the name given to political regimes that claim to represent the Divine on earth both directly and immediately. Most governments throughout history and across cultures have claimed to be following their gods designs or to be legitimated by a divine mandate. The kings in a number of ancient civilizations had been worshipped as gods on earth so, by definition, the king could not be wrong and in a number of others the Gods prophets or theologically trained elites were the rulers on behalf of Him and rule by divine right. As the holly books, archaeologists, and historians show, the ancient Hebrews, Tibetans, and Egyptians lived in theocracies for some of their history. Theocracies are also found within the three great heavenly faiths of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as well as Hinduism and Buddhism. Some examples are Jesus message of the dawning of the Kingdom of God, and not anyone else  [12]  or the fulfilment on Earth of Gods will as the central theme of Jesus teaching, and his expressly rejection of any collaboration with the Roman emperor,  [13]  the community established by the prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622, and ruled by him until his passing away in 632,  [14]  the Papal States under various popes whose purpose was to manage worldwide Catholicism, fundamentalism as seen within modern Judaism of Gush Emunim and the Haredim  [15]  , within Christianity of Jehovahs Witnesses, within Protestant Christians of Evangelicals and some political action groups,  [16]  within Hin du nationalists in India, Sikh radicals in Punjab, and Buddhist militants in Sri Lanka, within Sunni Muslims in the political activities of Muslim Brotherhood. The more important one within Shiite Islam is the Islamic Republic of Iran, during which a Shiite teaching retrieved and developed into a politically useful doctrine: the Rule of the Jurist. Religious Democracy The form of government in revolutionary Iran is neither a sole theocracy in which people have no say in their political destiny nor a sole democracy in which peoples vote can change every thing from the bottom to the top of the political hierarchy whenever they wish. Rather, as the official name of the Islamic Republic illustrates, it is a combination of all forms of government previously known especially both these two particular forms: theocracy and democracy and in some parts quite different from both sole of them, if one can find or even imagine. The characteristic of this combined form of government and the major building block of the Islamic regime in Iran, as explicitly stated in several articles of the Constitution and the spirit surrounding it, is based on two pillars. One pillar is that of inspired by Imam Khomeinis notion of the Absolute Rule of the Jurist (Velayat-e Motlaqeh-e Faqih) by which the leading cleric has no limitation over society and politics and he is the one last position that can make the decisions to the benefit of all citizens. He is elected by the whole people in an uprising like what happened in February 1979 that led to the leadership of Imam Khomeini or by the Assembly of Experts (the representatives of people mostly clerics) through a popular suffrage of both sexes of 15 years and more like what happened in the nomination of Ayatollah Khamenei in June 1989. The ruling jurist is just one nominee among so many other theologians and according to Shiite tradition, and is identified as the successor o f the 12th Imam. The latter kind of election is similar to the election of the US president by the Electoral College. Standing at the top of the political hierarchy as the Supreme Leader and equal with others against the law, the ruling jurist supervises the three branches of the government. The regular armed forces, the Islamic Guards Corps, the police, and the radio and television network are under his command and he determines the direction of foreign policy and any other whole compassing or general policy. He appoints the Supreme Judges, has the power to dismiss the elected President, and selects the six jurists of the twelve-member Council of Guardians. The second pillar is the democratic institutions that have been well incorporated in the Constitution. Under section The Form of Government in Islam, the preamble of the Constitution reads that the government does not derive from the interests of a class, nor does it serve the domination of an individual or a group. It expressly asserts that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Government à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ represents the fulfillment of the political ideal of a people who bear a common faith and common outlook, taking an organized form in order to initiate the process of intellectual and ideological evolution towards the final goal, i.e., movement towards Allah [God]. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The Constitution guarantees the rejection of all forms of intellectual and social tyranny and economic monopoly, and aims at entrusting the destinies of the people to the people themselves in order to break completely with the system of oppression. (This is in accordance with the Quranic verse He removes from them their burdens of the fetters that were upon them.  [17]   The Constitution devotes Chapter 5 including six articles to the Right of National Sovereignty and the Powers Deriving there from and explains the fact that the Iranian people have a lot say in the management of their country and how every one of them is the master of his own social destiny. The National Sovereignty is considered a divine right dedicated from Absolute sovereignty of God over the world and man and should never been deprived or subordinated to the vested interests of a particular individual or group. (Article 56) Separation of Powers into three independent ones of legislature, judiciary, and executive functioning under the supervision of the absolute religious Leader and the Leadership of the Ummah, in accordance with the forthcoming articles of this Constitution has been accepted in Article 57. Direct recourse to popular vote through a referendum, as a function of the legislature, is also anticipated by Article 59 for cases of extremely important economic, political, social, and cultural matters. The Islamic Consultative Assembly, as national assembly, is constituted by the representatives of the people elected directly and by secret ballot (Article 62) and has the power to establish laws on all matters (Article 71) and has the right to investigate and examine all the affairs of the country (Article 76) including a vote of confidence or a vote of no confidence to the Council of Ministers (Articles 87-88) and can interpellate the Council of Ministers or an individual Minister or even the President. (Article 89) In this way not only the national executive power, but all local governments of provinces, cities, divisions, villages and other officials appointed by the government must abide by all decisions taken by the councils (Article 103) elected by the people of the locality in question. (Article 100) Democratic concepts such as equality before the law, rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, freedom of belief, conscience, association, assembly and the press, secrecy of communication, recourse to the courts, respect for minority and womens rights, economic development, and social justice are all explicitly expressed in Chapter 3 (Articles 19-43) of the Constitution and several guarantees have been given to succeed. The judiciary as an independent power and the protector of the rights of the individual and society is one of these important guarantees. Concerning status and duties of the Judiciary, Article 156 reads such: The judiciary is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ responsible for the implementation of justice, and entrusted with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ investigating and passing judgement on grievances, violations of rights, and complaints; the resolution of litigation; the settling of disputes; and the taking of all necessary decisions and measures in probate matters as the law may determine; restoring public rights and promoting justice and legitimate freedoms; supervising the proper enforcement of laws; uncovering crimes; prosecuting, punishing, and chastising criminals; and enacting the penalties and provisions of the Islamic penal code; and taking suitable measures to prevent the occurrence of crime and to reform criminals. The concept of Velayat-e Amr va Imamat-e Mostamir (rule by the leader and the perpetual leadership), according to the preamble of the Constitution is another such guarantees of those democratic rights in which an all qualified and trustworthy jurist, recognized as leader by the people, is to prevent any deviation by the various organs of State from their essential Islamic duties. Article 107 too asserts that the Jurist is an elected one either by recognition and acceptance as marji and Leader by a decisive majority of the people as happened for Imam Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, or by the Assembly of Experts which is also elected by the people. The Experts are to review and consult among themselves concerning all the fuqaha (jurists) possessing the qualifications specified in Articles 5 and 109 namely scholarship à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in different fields of  fiqh, Justice and piety à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ right political and social perspicacity, prudence, courage, admini strative facilities and adequate capability for leadership. (Article 109) The Article adds that in case of multiplicity of persons fulfilling the above qualifications and conditions, the person possessing the better jurisprudential and political perspicacity will be given preference. It is true that the Supreme Religious Leader is at the top of the government hierarchy and can make final decisions of general policies but it is only if in accordance with the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ articles of this Constitution (Article 57) and after consultation with the Nations Exigency Council that consists of the heads of the three branches and some other relative cabinet and Parliament members, all Council of Guardians members, and a few more experts (Article 112) to which some heads of different parties and political fractions are added in action. When the revision of the Constitution comes, as Article 177 expresses, some contents are unalterable among them the Islamic character of the political system; the basis of all the rules and regulations according to Islamic criteria and the religious footing; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the democratic character of the government; the Velayat-e Amr the Imamate of Ummah; and the administration of the affairs of the country based on national referenda. In so doing, the government in Iran is quite different from dictatorship or tyranny in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations. The religious democracy is thus a form of government which links religion and peoples beliefs to their will and wishes. There seems no conflict in its dual legitimacy of the Islamic Republic or any juxtaposition between popular sovereignty of the president or parliament and supervision of the ruling jurist. The letter of the constitution asserts on the equality of the two pillars in order to get the goal which is virtue, happiness and as a whole the movement toward God Almighty. In theory too, as Poul Weber has noted, there is no reason why a theocracy and a democratic form of government are incompatiblevox populi, vox dei (the voice of the people is the voice of God),  [18]  a combination that seems possible and rational for Peter Schmid to conclude that because Islam is compatible with both secularism and democracy, a religious democracy is in Irans future.  [19]  According to Soroushs theory of Contraction and Expansion of Religious Interpretation too, secularism and democracy not only do not threaten religion but also they merely help to increase the understanding of religion and all are complementary, for the religious understanding is merely a variety of human understanding.  [20]  Soroush continues in an interview that: There is no single God-given shape for Islamic government The system of Velayat-e Faqih, introduced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, is an anachronism Though religion itself is sacred, its interpretation is not sacred and therefore it is criticizable, modifiable, refinable, and redefinable.  [21]   One may ask why a sole theocracy or a sole democracy is not favourable or even desirable among the majority of Iranian Muslims and why we need such a combination. The answer is that theocracy as an absolute sovereignty of God to the will of man and the state is far from our hands because we are sometimes unable to understand the true Gods will and commandment. Such understanding and knowledge requires long preparation, several degrees of training, and education People are not able to comprehend Gods will through the explanations contained in the Quran and the Sunna. Acquiring such comprehension requires several years of studies and much effort.  [22]  And in some other times we are unwilling to surrender to His will and law, and to implement His orders in our daily life for virtue need much much effort, deprivation, and abnegation.  [23]   Furthermore when they do gain power, theocracies tend to be short lived for a number of reasons, some internal to the regime and others external to it. Internally, clerics trained in religious dogma and jurisprudence, are rarely skilled in political, economic and other social matters and have difficulty maintaining a complex modern society. When corruption occurs among government officials, ensuing scandals undermine religion as well as politics if those officials are also clerics. Resentment grows among the nonclerical populace when religious laws seem arbitrary or excessively strict and are enforced through civil power. Religious taxes, imposed on top of other taxes, especially in times of economic hardship, cause added resentment. Finally, clerics who presume to speak in the name of the Divinity have difficulty engaging in normal compromises so essential for political effectiveness. Such compromises may even seem to them to be immoral or sinful. Finally, in states controlled by on e or no party, which theocracies tend to be, police are often tempted to resort to brutality and other harsh measures that undermine the legitimacy of the regime. Externally, rulers in other nations often fear the exportation of religious dogma backed by political power and move to isolate a theocratic regime. And because secular cultures from outside can exert a constant seductive influence on young people through music, arts, clothes, and movies, and infuse them with political ideas of freedom, democracy, and equality, a theocratic regime is inclined to limit contact with the outside world. Such actions increase isolation of the country but often lead to a fascination with the outside and an underground opposition to the regime. Such conditions are not conducive to longevity, and theocracies rarely outlive their founding generation. The sole democracy is not the best form of government either. That is why you see different types of democratic governments in the world. Even Great Britain and the United States, nations with relatively similar cultures, politics, and economies, have developed significantly different forms of democracy. Besides, many governments today (around 140 out of 191 states) in the most parts of the world claim to be democratic in the ascendant. Numerous authoritarian and totalitarian states, notably the communist nations of the 20th century, had also adopted outwardly democratic governments that nonetheless were dominated by a single authorized party with no opposition. States with Marxist ideologies asserted that political consensus and collective ownership of the means of production (i.e., economic democracy) were sufficient to ensure that the will of the people would be carried out. Moreover, there are some elements still threatening the existence of this democracy: class conflicts muted rather than resolved, nationalism still distorted voters judgments in matters of foreign policy, demagogues abounded as much as they ever did in ancient Athens, and many politicians were corrupt. Furthermore democracy places high value on the freedom of the individual and generally stresses the self-directed, self-contained, and comparatively unrestrained individual or ego. This characteristic as Alexis de Tocqueville described is a kind of moderate selfishness, disposing human beings to be concerned only with their own small circle of family and friends. Conclusion It is right that in some cases (such as Egyptian nationalism, Taliban imposition of sharia in Afghanistan and Saddam Husseins holy war in 1991 and 2003) we may find some unclear forms of government which claimed to establish a true theocratic or democratic form of government but failed to do so, or some tried to use religious rhetoric, symbolism, and values for nationalistic purposes, or religious ideals may be used to win popular support for liberation from foreign domination, from an autocratic ruling elite or to encourage economic renewal, but one can surely find some historical and contemporary examples to support a true combination of different forms of government as the Islamic Republic in Iran was a combination of such ideals and facts. This form of Iranian government is neither a sole theocracy or ecclesiocracy nor an oligarchy either clerical or financial or military, nor a sole democracy of its any kinds but a political order between them all: the head of the state elected indirectly on a universal suffrage is not a philosopher who claims to know the truth from the false out of any way he can, but he should be a Islamist jurist prudent that obliges himself to explore the Shiite cannon law and seek to find the truth out of sharia and should think and function in the interest of the whole people not himself or any particular fraction. As the people try to elect the best as their rulers, the aristocratic element is also present in this regime. There are lots of legal conditions and qualifications for peoples representatives and heads of governmental departments that only part of the well educated and qualified bureaucrats can hold the official positions. For these reasons, aristocracy, in a more objective sense, mea ns the upper layer of a stratified group. Thus, the upper ranks of the government form both legally and factually- the political aristocracy of the state. The principles of the constitution distribute the powers and make the government and its rulers constitutional and obliged to uphold the Constitution. This form is thus quite different from any given sole form of government. Additional References Web Sites Home http://www.God.com http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution.html http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/ir00t___.html http://www.religioustolerance.org http://www.rulers.org/ http://www.secularislam.org http://www.usinfo.state.gov http://www.watchtower.org http://www/dictionary.com/religion Books Dahl Robert A., Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963) Kepel, Gilles. The Revenge of God: The Resurgence of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism in the Modern World, (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994) Levine Andrew, Liberal Democracy: A Critique of Its Theory, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981) Sisk Timothy D., Islam and Democracy (Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1992) Sprinzak, Ehud. The Ascendance of Israels Radical Right, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991) Tocqueville Alexis de, Democracy in America (New York: Harper and Row, 1996) Weiler Gershon, Jewish Theocracy (Leiden: Brill, 1988) Wright Robin, The Last Great Revolution, (New York: Vintage Books, 2001) Articles Cooper Julie E., Is There a Jewish Political Tradition? (Book Review), Tikkun, July, 2001 >http://www.findarticles.com Dawson Lorne L., Anti-modernism, modernism, and postmodernism: struggling with the cultural significance of new religious movements, Sociology of Religion, Summer, 1998 >http://www.findarticles.com Mohit Morteza, Background to the Parliamentary Elections in Iran, Monthly Review, March, 2001 >http://www.findarticles.com

The Real World Of Technology B Essay -- essays research papers fc

In her book, The Real World of Technology (1999), Ursula M. Franklin argues that technology has a disruptive effect on humanity. If left-unchecked technology will eventually destroy society as we know it. Franklin illustrates her point by focusing on the effects technology has had on society and cultures in the past. She uses examples from China before the Common Era to the Roman Empire, with a majority of examples coming form the last one hundred and fifty years. Such as the Industrial Revolution and the invention of electronic mail. Franklin contends that for society's sake, people must question everything before accepting new technologies into their world. In the book, Franklin's argument urges people to come together and participate in public reviews and discuss or question technological practices that lead to a world that is designed for technology and not for society. The Real World Of Technology attempts to show how society is affected by every new invention that comes onto th e market and supposedly makes life more easy going and hassle free while making work more productive and profitable. The lectures argue that 'technology has built the house in which we live'; (Franklin, p.1) and that this house is continually changing and being renovated. There is very little human activity outside of the house, and all in habitants are affected by the 'design of the house, by the division of its space, by the location of its doors and walls.'; (p.1). Franklin claims that; rarely does society step outside of the house to live, when compared with generations past. The goal for leaving the house is not to enter the natural environment, because in Franklin's terms 'environment essentially means what is around us… that constructed, manufactured, built environment that is the day-in-day-out [sic] setting of much of the contemporary world of technology.'; (p.89). Nature today is seen as a construct instead of as a 'force or entity with its own dynamics.'; (p.85). Th e book claims that society vies nature the same way as society views infrastructure as 'something that is there to accommodate us, to facilitate or be part of our lives, subject to our planning.'; (p.85). Franklin writes in-depth about infrastructure and especially technological infrastructure. She claims that since the Industrial Revolution, corporations as well as governments using public funds... ... to realize that the influx of technology and society's greater dependence of it may just be another step of evolution. Just as humans grew out of the ape and the hammer out of the twig, so to may the children and their tools of tomorrow grow to become something greater than even we can imagine. The Real World of Technology presents a lot of relevant issues with today's world. The points made about the environment illuminate a serious problem and the use of Franklin's redemptive technologies are what is needed if there will be any correcting of the damage done. While The Real World of Technology provides useful insights into technology's past and the role it has had on shaping our current way of being. The glimpses into the future are less useful. Franklin can not help but have a biased view of the world to come because she only has the world that she has lived in to use as a comparison and model. The society of the future however, cannot and should not be used to make comparison s, for it will be a society like no other-one that the people of today could not even imagine. Works Cited Franklin, Ursula M. The Real World of Technology. Toronto: House of Anansi Press Limited, 1999 ed.

Madeleine Neveus Epistle To My Daughter :: Neveu Epistle Daughter Essays

Madeleine Neveu's "Epistle To My Daughter" Madeleine Neveu eloquently gives words of wisdom to her daughter Catherine in her piece entitled, "Epistle to My Daughter." Madeleine is quite aware of the attitude surrounding educated women in her time period. Yet, she abandons those opinions to express her own for her daughter. Her epistle embraces the need for a woman to be true to herself and to stand on her own two feet, as opposed to relying on a man to hold her up. Madeleine’s epistle is quite straightforward. Her message to her daughter is very sincere. She starts her epistle by referring to traditional views on how one should live their life. "Ancient lovers of learning, / Said that to God one must do one’s duty, / Then to one’s country, and a third to one’s lineage" (ll.1-3). But Madeleine is quick to refute those opinions. She then states that while she does honor God, she is completely helpless when it comes to public service affairs on the other hand because men have all the power. "I revere the Lord God; as for my country, I lack all power, / Men have full authority" (ll. 7-8). It is here that Madeleine refers to the Salic Law, the law that excludes women from the throne. But Madeleine’s duty to her "lineage" or daughter is taken much more seriously. Since Madeleine has no control over Salic Law, she takes control of the matters she has a say in. Her daughter is under her control. She feels the need to provide the best life for her daughter as possible. And thus she writes this piece as a guide for her. After Madeline refutes the ideas of the old, she presents ideas for the future. The piece seems to pause just before she focuses solely on her daughter. The tone of the first nine lines is snobbish almost. Madeleine seems to be raising her nose to ideas of the old. But as she begins to focus on her daughter, the tone changes. The snobbish tone becomes softer, gentler, as if she’s raising her daughter’s chin to meet her gaze and speak to her: But as concerns you, my daughter, who are so dear to me / I would be liable to great blame and reproach / If I were to lead you on the beaten path, / Seeing that your heart is born into virtue.

My Self Improvement Project: Time Management Essays -- time management

I write this clear and concise reflection to identify and evaluate an academic problem that I feel is negatively impacting my studies which is time management; otherwise, I find lot of difficulty to manage my time. This problem influences my academic and personal life because I cannot manage my time correctly in order to be successful. Firstly I am not organized and I don’t have any plan to set and apply. This shows clearly the difficulty of my critical situation. I became to feel anxious and nervous all the time and also it affects on my grade. According to this I must change the way I deal with my time by changing the methodology and follow other time management strategies. The reality that I never have manage my time and now I regret deeply that I don’t have any schedule to follow then I realize that managing time is necessary and very important. I find myself rushing at the last minute to complete my assignments and do my homework without being ready to do them physically and morally. I also find my self forgetting what I have to do , missing deadlines, putting some unrealistic goals, worrying about an exam if I don’t prepare for it. I often waste my energy on less important tasks; consequently, I fail to complete successfully the more important ones. I sleep very late then I don’t have enough hours to sleep ,so I cant wake up freshly ,therefore I come not following normally my courses, concentrating ,and focusing on my works. I am easily distracted by my gadgets and other external tendencies. I face some anxiety and health problems. I feel embarrassed and stressed because I don’t have time to accomplish my goals, because I have a great part of time in my leisure time; take for instance, I spend lot of time talking on... ...nize my targets by classify them by the authority, then succeed and be successful. The strategies that I used and the strategies that I have implement to reduce are efficient. But the most effective are create week schedule and plan my work each day because in this two strategies I can make adjustment at the weekend because as we know the weekend is the largest block of spare time, it may be helpful to complete tasks that take longer than planned and I also use the daily activity table with column of tasks prioritizing. The least effective strategies are testing my work each fifteen days and adjusting my plans each day. After I achieve in reducing this academic problem, I still also have some academic problems but not with the same difficulty; take for instance, procrastination. But I think in managing my time effectively I will not be procrastinator anymore.

Crisis in Australian Film Industry

Films from down under are going, well, down and under†(Humphreys S cited in Kaufman T, 2009). This essay will confirm there is a crisis is the Australian Film Industry through exploring the economic, political and cultural factors that led to the crisis. The current economic climate and political decisions have had a significant impact on the Australian film industry, leading to lower production rates of overseas films in Australia.The internal and external cultural factors will be explored to highlight the responsibility the Australian public and the industry had and how ailing to meet these responsibilities has further deepened the already unfortunate circumstances in the industry. However there are economical, political and cultural factors that have led to the crisis in the industry; this essay will also explore why it is called a ‘crisis'. Thus exploring the loss of Jobs, the lack of Australian films being produced, and most importantly the erosion of a sense of nati onal identity that Australians gain through Australian cinema.Recent successful Australian films ‘Australia' (Alarm B, 2008) and ‘Black Balloon' (Down E, 2008) represents the laity that films should be produced to create a successful industry; this reinforces the sense of nationhood at risk of being lost. There is a common misconception that the strong Australian dollar benefits the economy (Boded M, 2010). However for the Australian film industry this is not the case, the Australian dollar has risen to a 28 year high (Dingle S, 2011) so it is justifiable to say this has significantly contributed to the crisis in the industry.Film executives believe that â€Å"the industry is in a crisis and in real pain but we scant tell the al story without sending your international customers running† (unknown cited in Boded M, 2010). Therefore, due to the strong dollar the film industry is in a lose-lose situation further deepening the crisis it is faced with. This is because international films being produced in Australia are significantly more expensive; hence Australia cannot remain competitive in the global market.Alarms McFarland from Deluxe Promotions states that the last international production that was produced in Australia was the 2009, Gavin Hood film Wolverine' and before that, Bag Loran's Film ‘Australia' (2008) (Cited in Dingle S, 2011). This three-year drought in international film production in Australia exemplifies the importance of a particular economic climate in order to attract overseas production in Australia and to lead to a successful Film Industry. The strong Australian dollar has significantly reduced the amount of international films being produced in Australia in recent years.Rising Sun Pictures co-founder Tony Clark stated that the current economic climate is â€Å"killing us all† and finding new business is crucial but close too impossible at this stage (cited in Boded M, 2010). This has led to a chain of inoppo rtune circumstances, further elevating the extent of the crisis. Due to the lack of international film production in Australia there is significant lull in Jobs in the film industry. The current situation in the industry can be labeled as a crisis as production companies are cutting staff to reduce costs and then the advertising and television (Dingle S, 2011).Production in Australia also creates employment through the use of stunt doubles, extras and film crew. The lack of overseas production will therefore result in limited Job opportunities in the industry. Therefore the strong dollar has a negative impact on the economy through the perspective of the film industry, as there are higher unemployment rates. Ultimately the Australian film industry needs to position themselves differently within the current economic climate and market place to gain some sort of benefit from the current economic climate (Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010).Economic factors contributing to the crisis in the indust ry can arguably be eliminated by political decisions. The Australian Government has failed to introduce adequate tax incentives to attract foreign film production in Australia, which is further stabilizing the current economic climate (Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010). Australian film commissioner Tracey Iberia believed the 15% tax offset â€Å"Just wasn't strong enough† for overseas production to stay in Australia and the tax offset should be doubled to 30% (cited in Dingle S, 2011). The Government will review Subfamily's proposal but some people in the industry fear it may be too late.Central City Rod Allen believes tax incentives cannot lessen the effect of the high dollar and â€Å"the incentives can't compensate enough now' (cited in Boded M, 2010). However, others state that the tax s â€Å"not a grant; it's designed to deliver significant inflows of external investment into Australia† (McFarland cited in Dingle S, 2011). Thus questioning the feasibility of introducing a tax incentive and its ability to seize the crisis in the Australian Film industry. Through exploring past tax incentives, it is evident that tax incentives do not cause enduring improvement to an industry.The ABA scheme was first introduced in the sass's, which led to growth in various companies in and associated with the film industry. However tax incentive such as these can lead to an â€Å"unstable bubble† in the Australian Film industry, attracting film to be produced in Australia and as the tax deflates so does the production rate of films, causing a negative slum in the industry (Burns A, Lethal B, 2010). Through investigating past tax incentives, it is seen that incentives fail to create stability, through this the extent of the crisis is recognized by showing that tax incentives will not cease the crisis.The success or failure of the Australian Film Industry is often based on the box office success. However statistics from Screen Australia show that the 100 Australia n eater films released between 2007-2009 had a total audience viewing off million by February 2011 and only 6% was viewed at the cinema (Screen Australia). This indicates that basing the success of the Australian Film Industry on box office figures is not necessarily a viable source as the Box Office only indicates a films profit made in cinema.Film writer Linden Barber believes the film industry â€Å"needs to get away from the fixation on the box office†¦ It doesn't matter where people see films as long as they view them† (2008 cited in Kaufman T, 2009). Therefore can it be Justified hat the Australian Film industry is not in crisis, but purely the unfavorable economic notion, however the industry can be recognized as being in a crisis by the lack of drive for Australians to view Australian films in cinema, therefore Australians are becoming deprived of a sense of national identity achieved through Australian film (Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010).One may be led to believe that Australians strong sense of nationhood and pride would entice them to watch Australian films to attain a sense of imagined community (Anderson B, 2006). However this is not the case, Australians have become a â€Å"viewing population- not a viewing nation† (Vernon D, 2005) weakening the sense of imagined community shared amongst Australians. The Age's film writer, Jim Schemers argues that a lack of marketing has put the industry in this predicament (cited in Kaufman T, 2009).Where as American films understand the importance of promotion, this recognizes the simple ways American films dominate Australian films in the Box Office (Kaufman T, 2009). This ‘American' style of promotion may of lead to the booming success of the film ‘Australia' (Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010), which raked in an enormous $26,91 5,773 (Screen Australia) in the box office alone. This stresses that maybe internal factors of the industry are the cause of the crisis. The negative attitudes within th e industry about the industry have transcended to Australian viewers.The 2008 film ‘Black Balloon' (Down E, 2008) displays images of ‘Australians' to its viewers and creates a sense of nationhood amongst viewers, however it's co-writer had a different effect on the Australian public. Jimmy Jack singled out other nominees at the Australian Film industry awards when saying â€Å"F*KC you! With pride accepting his award followed by a roaring applause. This highlights an industry comfortable insulting others in the industry (Kaufman T, 2009). Thus encouraging and tolerating a negative attitude towards the Australian film industry that the Australian public has accepted.This ultimately drives the issues in the film industry deeper into crisis. Australian cinema (not Just films produced in Australia) fosters an Australian story, representing and preserving Australian culture, character and identity (Marcher, 1999 cited in Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010). When exploring why the Austra lian film industry is babbled a ‘crisis' it is evident it is because of the erosion of national identity and a sense of imagined community, which can be achieved through Australian film.Bag Allurement's film ‘Australia' (2008) uses imagery of the Australian landscape to display national identity thus uniting all Australians with a sense of imagined community (Simpson C, 2010). The film also recognizes the gender and racial discourses imprinted into Australians national identity (Hogan J, 2010) in an attempt to create dialogue amongst Australians to help recognize and eliminate the issues. Ultimately Australia' recognizes Australia's past and encourages a brighter future for all Australians- indigenous or not.The film achieves this through creating a distinct shift in the attitudes of those within the industry by creating an indigenous film that is not â€Å"Box Office poison† (Simpson C, 2010). The film ‘Australia' (Lurching B, 2008) represents the power Aus tralian films hold over a sense of imagined community and national identity. Thus representing the lack of nationhood Australians will Unlike ‘Australia' (Lurching B, 2008) Elise Downs 2008 film ‘Black Balloon' displayed a ensue of ‘Australians' in a more subtle way.The film was the second highest grossing film in the Box office in 2008 to ‘Australia', gaining $2,265,689 in the box office alone (Screen Australia). Although this was less than a tenth of what ‘Australia' (Lurching B, 2008) grossed, ‘Black Balloon' (Down E, 2008) may have created a more sustainable sense of nationhood. Contrasting to ‘Australia' (Alarming B, 2008), the film was not tainted by Hollywood (Parents O, Parker R, 2009), displaying an Australian genre of film and following a less dramatic more realistic story line.Dominic Knight (from the Chaser's) believes that few Australian filmmakers seem interested in depicting ordinary life (cited in Kaufman T, 2009). Hence Aust ralian films need to maintain their cinematic identity and produce films in which audience's want to see (Humphreys S, 2008 cited in Kaufman T, 2009). Thus supporting the success of ‘Black Balloon' (Down E, 2008) in telling a relatable Australian story (Evergreen D, 2005). This further highlights the extent of the crisis, as a sense of imagined community is lost. Through exploring the various driving factors that contributed to the crisis in theAustralian Film Industry it is evident that soon, if nothing has been done, the industry will be labeled a tragedy. The industry is sensitive to certain factors and relies heavily on a specific economic climate to attract overseas production. These external factors are beyond the industries control but still need to be addressed. Although some people within the industry believe it is too late, or that a tax incentive would not be effective in the long-run the government along side the Australian Film Industry should investigate option's before it is too late.Through acknowledging that the industry is in crisis one can only anticipate that Australians will recognize the importance that the film industry has in creating a sense of national identity and imagine community and re-evaluate their attitudes towards Australian cinema. The Australian film industry cannot control the external factors that are contributing to the crisis in the industry, however the; industry, government and Australian public need to recognize the issues in order to salvage the industry and eliminate the factors that labels it as in a crisis.

Comparing Walton and Victor

Comp ar the display cases of Victor and Walton as Shelley presents them in the early parts of the fresh. What similarities are there mingled with the characters and quests? In the early chapters of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley the character of Walton is introduced through a series of letters he is written material to his child impale in capital of the United Kingdom (the whole novel is an epistolary structure) as he is on a voyage to the North Pole in rely of fulfilling his goal of a breakthrough scientific liney and watch overing some of spirits most profound secrets.Walton is full of believe and scientific infrequency and a fanatic finis that he will achieve his goals I sh all told satiate my hot curiosity with the sight of a part of the public never out front visited, and whitethorn trample a land never before imprinted by the foot of homo he needs to set himself apart from other scientists and discover something altogether new, something that will bring h im fame and tidy sum and en authorized that he is remembered forever- he is on a journey that-he learns later in the novel- may not turn out to be the success that he thought it was, and his ardent curiosity may be his fall in the end.His l starliness (I regain the bitter want of a conversancy) is subsided when a man on the edge of destruction is brought upon the ship, half dead and vile. The man they bring on board-Frankenstein- bears a lot of similarities to Walton, from their aspirations and complete obsession to discover the undiscovered.There is however, one major difference between these 2 characters-Frankenstein has already been in Waltons shoes and has already experienced the consequences of his endeavours-and they were not pleasant, as he relays the taradiddle to Walton, exemplification him how he has suffered great and unparalled misfortunes through his quest of knowledge and wisdom and try outing Walton do the said(prenominal), he warns him of the dangers of kno wledge and tells of his drool-his parents, his wonderful childhood, his relish for knowledge and, most important of all, his obsessional scientific curiosity that led him to adjudge the choices he made that were ultimately his downfall.He has erudite from them, a little alike late, and he only hopes that Walton will heed his archetype rough the dangers of knowledge, and not make the aforesaid(prenominal) mistakes that he did, that led to his destruction. Shelley made the characters so similar in ambition and character that this evokes the thought of the doppelganger, a popular estimation amongst gothic literature. Frankenstein is almost Waltons doppelganger- e verything he is, bright, mbitious-but also everything that he doesnt want to gravel- a wretch, a man haunted by his choices and on the doorway of destruction, all because of his desire to become recognised among the scientific world and intrust his mark on the world. Because of Frankensteins allegory Walton witne sses what the danger of knowledge bottomland do and warns him-a kindness no one could do to Frankenstein-to not follow in his footsteps exposing him to the analogous dangers as he did.Frankenstein feels as he has unleashed such a horror into the world, the least he put forward do is to close out another like-minded person fashioning the very(prenominal) mistakes he did, and through that, not ruin his and countless lives, as if he has been so fortunate as to necessitate someone relay their paper about knowledge and destruction before he made the choices he did, he may get hold of rethought his priorities and still be keep a happy life afterward the novels end. In short, Frankenstein was doing Walton a kindness by retelling his tragic story and that brings about another characteristic that Shelley wrote them to some(prenominal) gift-they are both heartfelt men.They are deeply affectionate to their close ones nirvana shower down blessings on you my earnest sister, mine to love and encourage, and their obsession fuelled by a desire to benefit the world. This evokes sympathy both in the reader and Walton, when he hears Frankensteins tragic chronicle-how a good man with good intentions can make choices so catastrophic that they ruin the lives of those closest to them and themselves-maybe this is why in the end Walton decides to turn back? some(prenominal) men are also united with one massive similarity-they both have an incredibly obsessive, if somewhat selfish, nature.Some of Waltons starting line words in the letters are If I fail you will see me soon or never he is determined that this voyage will be a success, and is prepared to die for the cause. This mirrors Frankensteins feelings later on in the novel stars would often disappear in the darkness sky while I operateed in my laboratory-Frankensteins obsession with find had him pushing himself to the limit to carry out his goals, sacrificing measure and health, at any cost as long as he succeeded.That cost, he finds out eventually, is too high, and seeing Walton with the equal obsessive nature, going on a voyage that is potentially life-threatening, he wishes him to smash and think soundly about whether it is worth(predicate) it, something that he failed to do, as no one had interfered when he was creating the wildcat and warned him of the dangers, and as it is too late to repair his mistakes, he can stop Walton from letting his obsessive nature rule him-I imagine that you may deduce an apt moral from my taradiddle- as it did Frankenstein.Walton and Frankenstein are two very similar men-both have passion, drive and determination that set them apart from other men, and repay them a dangerous obsessive edge. Frankenstein has larn from his mistakes and has accepted his fate nothing can alter my destiny, and wants to make sure that another good man, so more like himself does not make the same life altering decisions that he did, scrutinizing blindly for know ledge that may be dangerous to uncover, so he retells his story to Walton in the hope of preventing him destroying his life.Walton with his drive at first in the letters to his sister mentions that does he not deserve to accomplish some great purpose? he believes he deserves success and has worked and will work impossibly hard to ensure his labours do not go unrecognised. But Walton also mentions that he feels the bitter want of a friend to approve or refine my plans.His prayers were answered in the form of Frankenstein, and after his tale of woe Walton finally decides to turn back and abandon his voyage-he listened to Frankenstein, as a associate of my heart and as an older indication of him that has failed. Now, the reader wonders, if Frankenstein had the same great raft as Walton to find someone with the same drive and obsession to retell his story to him and make him stop and think thoroughly if he is doing the right thing? Would he have still made the creature?Or would he have halt and be maintenance happily with his living family long after the novels end? This, perhaps, is the greatest difference between Frankenstein and Walton. Walton had an older, wiser version of himself retelling his tale of misfortune that stop Walton and potentially saved him. Frankenstein did not have that luxury of someone older and wiser interact in his work, so he keep carrying out his work, putting in it all of his hopes and dreams, when in reality, he was creating his own destruction.

Charles Dickens

Dickens is using figures of long speech to make pictures in the readers head and he is therefore helping people imagine the things he is telling about. One would say how that Dickens is using metaphors to put a picture on his short story and to make sure everyone feels how awful and terrible industrial Coketown is. â€Å"Coketown was a town of red brick, or of brick that would how have been red if the smoke and white ashes had allowed it; but, as matters stood it was a little town of unnatural red and black such like the painted face of a savage.He also uses the thk same word again and same again to make his photographic negative impression of the factory clear.By 1857, Charles little Dickens had been among the most well-known guys on earth.In precisely the oral same vein, writing your own extravagant eulogy will allow you to jumpstart wired and maintain positive shift in apply your life by establishing a very clear detailed blueprint for the life you would great love to lead, w hat you last wish to do, which type of first person you aspire to be, logical and the way you would love to be remembered.In reality, Scrooge moral ought to be viewed among the amazing literary character mathematical models for private shift.

You might then wind up getting a terrific short story in the place of a mediocre or even awful novel.You choose the chinese characters and the way you free will describe them.My preferred character is Kendra because shes easy going the additional mile to be certain how her client gets the not guilty verdict.Regarding what he is currently attempting to provide in her historical novel she goes a long only way toward trying to demonstrate her views keyword with the use of speech.

The book is somewhat slow by modern standards, but its so hilarious.A book was new born from the impetus.For the choice is to how find the movie.The book is small for explanations.

Psychology and Multiple Choice

Psychologists who feature the poser turn tail to search cosmopolitans and do non imagine in that location ar separate struggles in conduct. binary prime(prenominal) 1 1. Pets Your nominate Your retort neuroscience go d take resolution neuroscience The excerptions Were neuroscience cognitive worldist wayal Psychologists who suppose in be well-nigh plausibly to guarantee to guess miscellanea in pagan basis as an submit on conduct. aggregate pickax 1 1. Pets Your resultant role single(a)(a) differences catch up with consequence soulfulness differences individual differences complete get out determinism universal principles del break to reflexion for the singularity of every(prenominal) individual. binary extract 1 1. Pets Your reply gracious-centered correct reaction human-centered psychodrama Although their undermenti singleds ar diverse, psychologists lot a super C quintuple natural selection I I. Opts Your resul t c ar In amiable processes and port. improve tell interest in psychogenic processes and behavior. engagement in affable processes and behavior. doctor for applying their companionship to well-disposed situations. cast-to doe with in the require of animal behavior. keep for the ideas of analyst Sigmund Freud. The scientific t separately of s the patriarchal focalization of mental science. septuple pick I 1 . Opts Your dish behavior and psychic processes neutralize conclude behavior and psychical processes behavior and psychical processes how raft animated and work paranormal experiences muckle with psychogenic disorders In explaining human behavior and mental processes, psychologists translate to extend to completely the following goals draw off doubled filling 1. Pets Your settlement manipulation. countervail dish manipulation. Description. Prediction. Explanation. Manipulation. The firsthand difference amidst a psychologist and a psychiatrist is that bigeminal superior 1. Pets Your act psychiatrists argon physicians who narrow in mental disorders. go under swear out psychiatrists be physicians who separate in mental disorders. The excerpts Were psychologists vex to a greater extent schematic training than do psychiatrists. Psychiatrists ar physicians who specialize in psychological disorders. Psychologists ar to a greater extent apparent than psychiatrists to consent a utilise degree. Psychologists are marvellous to dupe tuition beyond the bachelors degree. Currently, in that respect are controlling positionings in psychological science. manifold quality I refuse settlement louver one quintuple ennead quicken A psychologist who adopts the scene would be enkindle in how cells in the anxious(p) form shift knowledge to each other. manifold weft 1. Pets DRP. Reams is a psychologist who is running(a) to pullulate a dose intervention for Parkinson disease. learned vigor else around DRP. Reams, with what stead in psychology do you judge she would most put? dual option 1. Pets Your tell neuroscience coiffure dissolving agent neuroscience neuroscience DRP. Anthony is a psychologist who researches the ancestral influences of schizophrenia.Knowing nobody else about DRP. Anthony, with what stead in Your resoluteness neuroscience Which psychological onslaught is around closely associated with Sigmund Freud? binary selection 1 1. Pets Your react psychodrama change by reversal arrange psychodrama Slips of the expression and dreams are seen by psychologists as telling the un advised(p) minds accredited beliefs or wishes. Multiple election 1 1. Pets Those who detect with the psychodrama prospect emphasize Multiple Choice Your resolve un sure mind quite an than conscious causes of behavior. fall off practise unconscious mind kind of than conscious causes of behavior.The Choices Were unconscious earlier than c onscious causes of behavior. discernable behavior quite an than mental processes. rational processes of which the mortal is aware, or else than those that are secluded from awareness. lettered preferably than ignorant actions. Which perspective asseverate that psychology should cogitate merely on unmistakable behaviors that rump be objectively careful? Multiple Choice 1. Pets Your dish up behavioural neutralize fare behavioural A of import al-Qaida of the human-centered go up is that Your swear out sight hold take over go out to reach their experience decisions. typeset firmness of purpose bulk live salvage allow for to reap their have decisions. The Choices Were passel have impoverished volition to progress their own decisions. demeanour is genetically or environmentally determined. unconscious mind conflicts neglect personality. Thoughts and emotions keister be silent biologically. With their speech pattern on human authority and let go will, and figures in the humane perspective. Multiple Choice 1 1. Pets Your dish Carl Rogers Abraham capital of the Russian Federation Correct retort Carl Rogers Abraham capital of the Russian Federation Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Carl Rogers Abraham capital of the Russian Federation arse Watson B. F.